Before Busing: A History of Boston's Long Black Freedom Struggle
Zebulon Vance Miletsky
Published:
2022
Online ISBN:
9781469662794
Print ISBN:
9781469662770
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Before Busing: A History of Boston's Long Black Freedom Struggle
Zebulon Vance Miletsky
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Zebulon Vance Miletsky
Pages
38–64
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Published:
December 2022
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Miletsky, Zebulon Vance, 'Boston Confronts a Jim Crow North, 1896–1934', Before Busing: A History of Boston's Long Black Freedom Struggle (
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Abstract
This chapter covers the rise of “Jim Crow North” in Boston during the late-19th and early-20th century, as well as the vigorous debates that took place in the city over black political leadership and the most effective response to the new system of white supremacy and racial discrimination setting in across the country. Initially, Booker T. Washington’s “accommodationist” approach found a welcome audience in Boston among many middle-class African American leaders and the descendants of white abolitionists. Washington, who owned a summer home in a Boston suburb and sent his children school in the city, founded the Negro Business League in Boston in 1900 to spur black entrepreneurship. During the first two decades of the 20th century, though, two other titans of black political leadership with deep roots in Boston – W.E.B. DuBois and William Monroe Trotter – rose to offer scathing critiques of Washingtonian accommodationism and put forth their own visions of racial uplift. Both men were leaders of the Niagara Movement and played a role in the foundation of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Each rejected Washington’s industrial education model and advocated a more direct attack on racial discrimination and segregation in Boston and beyond.
Keywords: Niagara Movement, William Monroe Trotter, Booker T. Washington, Jim Crow North, W.E.B. DuBois, Boston Guardian, League of Women for Community Service, NAACP, Eugene Gordon, John Reed Clubs
Subject
History of the Americas
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